EVALUATION OF RAW MILK ACCORDING TO THE CONTENT OF 17SS-ESTRADIOL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2023-1.32Keywords:
raw milk, 17β-estradiol, safety, estrogen hormones, maximum permissible concentrationAbstract
Given the role of milk and dairy products in human nutrition, the assessment of the quality and safety of these products is of exceptional importance. Estrogenic hormones of natural origin are detected in milk: 17β-estradiol, 17α-estradiol, estriol and estrone, among them 17β-estradiol is potentially the strongest. It is with the excessive amount of 17β-estradiol in products of animal origin that the development of some oncological diseases and reproductive disorders in consumers are associated. Based on the results of own research and literature data, the safe amount of 17β-estradiol in raw milk when accepted for processing has been scientifically substantiated, and a methodology for its determination has been proposed. The content of 17β-estradiol was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the RIDASCREEN®17β-őstradiol test system (Art-Biopharm/R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany). The highest concentration of 17β-estradiol in raw milk is found in the third trimester of pregnancy up to 1 209,8 ± 82,4 pg/ml, which is 10–30 times higher concentration than in the first trimester of pregnancy. It was established that the daily intake of 17β-estradiol in the body of children with milk, even with its maximum content in raw milk, can be 12 000 pg/kg of live weight, and for adults it is 3 428,5 pg/kg. This amount of hormone is 4,1 and 14,5 times less (p < 0,05) than the maximum allowed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Similarly, the hazard ratio index for this amount of 17β-estradiol in raw milk was 0,24 for children and 0,06 for adults, indicating no appreciable short-term toxic effects on human health. The methodology for determining the maximum permissible concentration of 17ß-estradiol in raw milk when accepted for processing was developed and the interpretation of the obtained quantitative values was proposed: n = 3, c = 2, m = 500, M = 1 000. This allows for constant control of the estrogen hormone concentration that is safe for consumers and in case of detection of exceeding the established indicators, apply preventive measures, both with regard to already received milk, and with producers.
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