GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER RYE DEPENDS ON NORMS SOWING SEEDS AND TIMES OF MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN THE TERMS OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANY «DRUZHBA» OF TERNOPIL REGIONS

Abstract

Winter rye is a valuable food, fodder and technical crop. Rye flour bread is high-calorie, contains complete proteins, many easily digestible carbohydrates, vitamins, etc. Rye is a valuable fodder crop (bran, fodder flour, green mass). It is of great agrotechnical importance - as a precursor. In modern agricultural conditions, the intensive technology of growing winter grain crops (wheat, rye, triticale, etc.) as mandatory elements of its application includes no less than 13 items of agricultural technology, among them the two that have a place in the title of the topic. This article presents the results of research on the formation of winter rye grain yield depending on the seed sowing rates (millions of similar seeds per 1 ha) and the timing of mineral fertilizers (phosphorus-potassium background and nitrogen fertilizers in two feedings (small application of nitrogen) in the conditions production). In our opinion, the selected questions for research in the technology of growing winter rye play an important role in increasing its yield. Based on the observations and records, it was established that in the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine on chernozem soils, the productive bushiness of winter rye on average over the two years of research depended on the sowing rate and ranged from 1.4 to 2.8, and the timing of nitrogen fertilization had no influence on her. The height of the plants increased with an increase in the rate of seed sowing from 3.0 to 5.0 million similar seeds per 1 ha and two-time application of nitrogen fertilizers and averaged from 89.2 to 113.0 cm. Similar statements apply to the leaf surface area, which averaged 45.6 thousand m2/ha (was the largest) with a seeding rate of 5.0 million units/ha and two applications of nitrogen fertilizers. Whereas the yield of rye was higher in 2021 and reached 51.8 t/ha at the sowing rate of 4.0 million pieces/ha of similar seeds and with two nitrogen fertilizations.