THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAIN TILLAGE ON THE PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF THE FIELD UNDER SUNFLOWER SOWING

Abstract

The article is devoted to the establishment of an optimal tillage system to control the number of segetal plants and to determine the potential weediness of the field for sowing sunflower for the predecessor of winter wheat. It was established that during the research in the spring of 2023, 17 types of weeds of various biological groups and classes were registered. The rhizomes of perennial weeds, as evidenced by the data of the spring census, are represented by the following species: creeping heather, field birch, yellow field thistle. The largest amount is the seeds of biennial, winter and spring weeds. As shown by laboratory studies of potential weediness, among the identified types of weeds by seed, the following were noted: spring and early: field mustard, medicinal turnip, birch mustard; late spring: common sedge, white quinoa, mouse gray, mouse green, slinky acorns, common scotch; wintering: field talaban, unscented three-ribbed, field axes, Lozelii’s dry rib, Sofia’s curlew. Research has established that the lowest potential weediness is observed for the variant with deep shelf tillage - 65 pieces per square meter, which indicates a high culture of agriculture in the experiment. It was noted that the highest degree of weeding was on the option where shallow tillage was applied (87.1 pieces per square meter), on the variant with deep tillage without shelves an increase in the number of seeds of potential segetal vegetation was also noted (72.7 pieces per square meter ). We recommend using soil herbicides in combination with mechanical inter-row treatments to reduce actual weediness on the variants with the use of shelf-less multi-depth tillage, where sunflowers will be sown. The article confirms the research of scientists on the issue of improving the culture of agriculture through a carefully selected system of basic soil cultivation, which ensures an improved phytosanitary condition of the field, preservation and increase of its fertility, prevention of degradation processes, optimization of the water regime and physical properties of the soil, which ultimately affects the increase in productivity sunflower.