YIELD, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION DEPEND ON CROP ROTATION LINK AND FERTILIZER SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2023-3.3Keywords:
crop rotation links, fertilizer systems, yield, productivity, economic efficiency, winter wheatAbstract
The yield of agricultural crops is influenced by a complex of natural and agrotechnical factors. The productivity of each crop can only be considered in direct relation to the specific conditions of its cultivation. Among the agrotechnical techniques included in modern technologies, the correct placement of varieties after different predecessors in crop rotation is the most important. The structure of crop rotation and the fertilizer system are the simplest and most accessible agrotechnical measures that ensure high productivity of agricultural crops. The objective application of mineral fertilizers is one of the important elements of winter wheat cultivation technology that can solve the problem of optimizing the crop's fertilization system. However, for the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, these issues remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, research on the influence of the structure, composition, and placement of crops in short rotation crop rotations, the productivity and yield of winter wheat, and their economic justification are quite relevant. It has been established that the crop rotation factor positively affects the yield of winter wheat when grown after non-steam predecessors and different fertilizer systems. The highest yield level of winter wheat variety Oranta Odeska was observed in the buckwheat–soybean–winter wheat rotation with an organo-mineral fertilizer system, reaching 6.45 t/ha. The yield of winter wheat significantly depended on the use of fertilizer systems in both crop rotation links. The highest yield increments were found in the soybean–soybean–winter wheat rotation with an organo-mineral fertilizer system, reaching 1.94 t/ha. A significant factorial dependence of winter wheat productivity on crop rotation link was proven under conditions without fertilizers and with a mineral fertilizer system. The highest nutrient uptake index was provided by the organo-mineral fertilizer system – 6.96 t/ha and 7.10 t/ha of grain units, 8.93 t/ha and 9.10 t/ha of feed units, 0.76 t/ha and 0.77 t/ha of digestible protein, respectively, for the soybean–soybean–winter wheat and buckwheat–soybean–winter wheat crop rotation links. The highest yield increments of grain and feed units were obtained with the mineral fertilizer system: 2.14 t/ha (44.3%) and 2.74 t/ha (44.3%), respectively. Additional 45.5% (0.24 t/ha) of digestible protein was formed by winter wheat plants in the soybean–soybean–winter wheat crop rotation link with an organo-mineral fertilizer system. The highest economic indicators in winter wheat cultivation were found in the variant without fertilizers in the buckwheat– soybean–winter wheat crop rotation link, which allowed for a net profit of 9136 UAH/ha and a profitability of 62.4% with expenses of 14629 UAH/ha.
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