PECULIARITIES OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND VARIETAL PRODUCTIVITY OF COMMON BEAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE

Abstract

Beans take second place among leguminous grains in world areas, however, in Ukraine they are insignificant and mainly concentrated in the private sector. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of modern bush varieties adapted to various soil and climatic conditions, which are characterized by unstable yields and insufficient manufacturability of mechanized harvesting. In solving the problem of creating competitive varieties, an important role is played by raw materials studied in detail and adapted to the specific conditions of the region. Today, beans are one of the most profitable leguminous crops. The growth and development of bean plants are directly dependent on environmental conditions, the main components of which are air and soil temperature, lighting, humidity, and mineral nutrition. The grain yield of beans depends on the inoculation of the seeds of this plant, different fertilizers, varieties, row spacing, and methods of sowing. For example, the length of the period from sowing to full maturity in plants of the Lastivka bean variety inoculated with different strains of Rhizobium phaseoli differed by 1–2 days on average during the research period of 2021–2022. Until recently, in our conditions, due to the lack of scientific research, the technology of growing common beans following the given soil and climatic conditions, its effect on grain productivity and quality indicators of bean grain, the unexplained economic and energy efficiency of the technology for growing common beans for grain in this region. In this regard, increasing the grain productivity of bean varieties of domestic breeding by establishing the characteristics of growth and development and optimizing the elements of growing technology (fertilizers, inoculation) depending on varietal characteristics and weather conditions of the growing season is an urgent task [6, 7, 8].