ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTATIVE ABILITY OF WINTER TRITICALE VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEP AND FORESTS OF UKRAINE

Abstract

A number of positive competitive advantages of the unique, relatively new triticale culture determines the interest of producers in its cultivation. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the adaptive properties of new zoned varieties of winter triticale, in the conditions of the Forest Steppe and Forested of Ukraine, and to help producers in the changing conditions of global warming to decide on the choice of seed material. The research revealed that 2020–2022 were generally characterized as sufficiently and excessively wet for the Forest Steppe zone (HTC = 1.0–1.9) and Forested (HTC = 1.2–2.1). Despite the significant variability of weather conditions, their deviation from the average long-term values in certain periods of growth and development, the weather and climate conditions of 2020–2022 in the Forest-Steppe and Forested zones of Ukraine were favorable for culture. The yield of new winter triticale varieties ranged from 3.0 t/ha in the ‘Bozhych’ variety to 9.6 t/ha in the ‘Tribonus’ variety. On average, over three years, the yield of varieties on experimental fields was found to be 5.8–6.7 t/ha. According to the research results, it was established that all varieties are adapted to the conditions of the Forest Steppe and Forested. High homeostaticity (Hom = 0.9–0.8), breeding value (Sc = 2.6–2.9) and average level of variation (V = 23.4–23.7%) were found in varieties ‘Ilona’ and ‘Tribonus’. In addition, the variety ‘Tribonus’ produced a consistently high yield, which averaged 6.7 t/ha over three years. The protein content in winter triticale grain ranged from 7.5% in the ‘Rivolt’ variety to 16.9% in the ‘Ilona’ variety. According to the results of the calculation, it was established that homeostaticity varied from 1.1 in the variety ‘Tribonus’ to 0.7 – ‘Bozhych’ and ‘Ilona’. High homeostaticity (Hom = 1.1), breeding value (Sc = 6.9) and low level of variation (V = 15.5%) were found in the variety ‘Tribonus’. Determining the homeostaticity and selection value of varieties, it is possible to evaluate the productivity and quality of the genotype with the norm of their response to limiting environmental factors.