STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING RATE AND BACKGROUND ON THE YIELD OF TURANIAN WHEAT (TRITICUM TURANICUM JAKUBZ.) IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE NORTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2024-3.4Keywords:
Turanian wheat, sowing rate, nutritional background, biometric indicators, indicators of crop structure, productivityAbstract
Durum wheat is significant due to its excellent properties as it contains a variety of vitamins, minerals and other essential nutrient compounds vital to human nutritional needs. The uniqueness of Turanian wheat grain determines the high content of fiber, magnesium and selenium. The lack of clear agrotechnological techniques for growing the culture holds back the spread of the culture. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of seed sowing rates and the dose of mineral fertilizers on the yield of Turanian wheat when grown in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted in the field crop rotation of the Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2021–2023. Turanian wheat of the Sarmat variety (PU No 230611 dated 10/25/2023) was used for sowing. Research methods: field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. The first step was to establish the optimal sowing rate of Turanian wheat to form the most effective stem stand capable of providing the highest possible level of plant productivity. Researches were carried out on three nutritional backgrounds: N15P15 and N30P30, zero background (without fertilizers) was the control. It was determined that a higher indicator of the coefficient of general tillering is formed at lower sowing rates. The use of mineral fertilizers helped to increase the coefficients of general and productive tillering compared to the control background. With an increase in the sowing rate, all indicators of the crop structure gradually decreased, except for the weight of 1000 grains. The use of mineral fertilizers increased grain yield by 1,1–2,7 t/ha or by 52,3–142,1%. Regardless of the nutrition background, the grain yield increased in proportion to the increase in the sowing rate. On each nutrition background, this indicator was the lowest at the sowing rate of 2,0 million units/ha, the highest – 4,0 million units/ha (on the natural nutrition background) and 5,0 million units/ha (at use of mineral fertilizers). The highest yield of Turanian wheat by a sunflower predecessor was obtained against the background of N30P30 at a seeding rate of 5,0 million units/ha – 4,6 t/ha.
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