HERBICIDE TECHNOLOGY OF SUNFLOWER PROTECTION UNDER UNSTABLE MOISTURE CONDITIONS

Abstract

The article highlights the issue of weeding of sunflower crops, which is one of the important factors preventing hybrids from realizing their genetic potential. The result of the research is the analysis of segetal and ruderal vegetation of agrophytocenosis in critical phases of growth and development of sunflower hybrids to control the phytosanitary state of crops using soil herbicides. It was established that the following weeds were observed during the research: young ‒ Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album, Thlaspi arvense L., Stellaria media L., Thlaspi arvense L.; perennial – Cirsium arvense, Elymus repens (L.). The largest number of weeds was from the group of dicot annuals – 55%, the smallest share was the group of perennial weeds – 15%, cereal weeds accounted for 30%. Research has established that the use of herbicides and their mixtures significantly influenced the formation of the sunflower crop due to the lack of competition with weed vegetation in the initial phases of growth. The best indicators were obtained when using a mixture of herbicides (Propazox + Promex), which was applied to sunflower seedlings, the obtained result exceeded the control by 3,3 с/ha, in the variant with the use of the drug Promex, the yield increased by 2,0 с/ha, and when using of the drug Propazox at 1,8 c/ha. Research results confirm that the use of herbicide mixtures (Propazox + Promex) to control the level of weeding of sunflower crops at the initial stages of growth and development contributes to increasing crop productivity. The results of the research give reason to recommend the use of Propazox + Promex herbicide mixtures to enhance their phytotoxic effect on segetal vegetation, which will prevent the disclosure of the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids and profit from crop cultivation.