ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ELECTRIC DRIVE IN DOSING ELEMENTS OF SEEDERS

Abstract

The article proposes and tests new approaches to the creation of equipment that best meet modern requirements, facilitating the solution of basic problems of mechanization of field work. It is proven that the use of a controlled electric drive in conditions of intensive saturation of mobile agricultural units with information technology and automation tools opens up the possibility of creating new-generation equipment with a high level of adaptation to agrotechnical requirements in plant growing, which allows to significantly increase the profitability of agricultural production. When sowing, the set sowing norms are often violated, seeds are unevenly distributed over the sowing area or row, and control of quantitative tolerances for deviations in distances between seeds is violated. In this regard, a mutual oppression effect occurs, in which plants do not receive a sufficient amount of nutrients due to the close location of root systems, which subsequently reduces the yield and quality of the resulting seeds. Modern development of the element base of the electric power drive and its control systems allows to obtain the necessary accuracy of technological processes at a low cost. Rapid implementation of positioning and geolocation systems allows to implement them in agricultural technologies of plant growing with the necessary profitability. One of the main technological operations on which the profitability of production in plant growing depends is sowing. Therefore, the world’s leading companies are engaged in improving seeding complexes in order to improve the quality of sowing and obtain better yields. Based on the analysis of world experience, methods are proposed for determining design requirements for the implementation of an adjustable electric drive for seeding units for operational control of changes in seeding rates with maximum use of domestic components. The seeding unit drives rotate the working elements by direct connection with the seeder wheel via mechanical transmissions. Mechanical boxes with a fixed set of gear transmissions or belt variators with a set range of transmission ratio adjustment are used to adjust the seeding rate. Mechanical drives have a number of disadvantages: rigid connection with the seeding unit without compensation for towing of the seed drill wheels and jerks during movement, slippage of the variator belt. The greatest impact of these disadvantages is manifested when the MTA operator does not observe a stable speed mode when performing the technological operation of sowing. The elimination of the negative impact of mechanical transmissions on the seeding unit is possible by eliminating direct communication with the seeder wheel and using elements with numerical control in the drives, which will coordinate the speed of movement of the seeder with the rotation frequency of the seeding unit, taking into account the changing towing coefficient of the properties of all processes. Thus, the research and development of technical means for the implementation of high-quality sowing of grain crop seeds is a relevant and practically significant task.