COMPUTER MODELING OF STRESSES AND STRAINS IN WORKING BODIES UNDER FIELD OPERATING CONDITIONS

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study on the stress-strain state of agricultural machinery working bodies using computer modeling methods under field operation conditions. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the impact of mechanical loads arising during operation with various soil types, including loamy, sandy, and black soils. Dynamic, static, and impact loads, as well as external factors such as soil moisture, density, and the presence of plant residues, were considered, as they significantly affect the performance of agricultural machinery. The research is based on modern computer modeling methods, particularly the finite element method (FEM), which enables the creation of highly accurate three-dimensional models and numerical experiments. Simulations were conducted for typical working body designs, such as plows, cultivators, disc harrows, and seed drills. The results identified critical zones within the structures where maximum stresses and deformations occur, potentially leading to failure or reduced operational efficiency. Special attention was given to selecting materials for manufacturing the working bodies. The study analyzed the impact of material mechanical properties, such as strength, impact toughness, and wear resistance, on the operational characteristics of the structures. Recommendations were proposed for using high-strength steels, composite materials, and special coatings to enhance the durability of working bodies. The article provides the results of numerical experiments demonstrating the feasibility of optimizing the geometry and mass of working bodies to reduce energy consumption and increase productivity. An algorithm was also developed to assess the impact of variable operating conditions on the durability of structures. The obtained results have significant practical implications for improving technological processes in the design and operation of agricultural machinery. They allow for reduced maintenance and repair costs, increased efficiency of agricultural operations, and stable equipment performance in various climatic and soil conditions. The proposed approach can serve as a foundation for developing new generations of agricultural machinery with enhanced reliability, efficiency, and energy-saving characteristics.