EVALUATION OF EXISTING MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIATION SYSTEMS FOR PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2025-2.26Keywords:
electromagnetic technology, radiation, antennas, generators, oscillationsAbstract
This paper explores the evaluation and potential development of millimeter-wave (MMW) radiation systems intended for presowing seed treatment in agricultural technologies. The study emphasizes the importance of using low-energy electromagnetic fields to enhance crop yields through informational influence on biological systems. A detailed analysis of existing radiation sources highlights the limitations of traditional vacuum electronic devices, such as backward wave oscillators, traveling wave tubes, and klystrons, which suffer from excessive size, high power consumption, low frequency stability, and complex cooling systems. As an alternative, the authors propose the use of semiconductor devices, particularly avalanche-transit time (IMPATT) diodes, which demonstrate advantages in terms of frequency stability, output power, size, efficiency, and manufacturability. The research focuses on the selection and optimization of resonator systems and antenna designs capable of generating effective electromagnetic radiation for continuousflow seed processing systems. Among various antenna types, waveguide-slot and surface wave antennas were analyzed and found to be suboptimal due to their narrow operational bandwidth and structural limitations. In contrast, horn antennas, especially H-sectoral horns, are identified as the most suitable emitters for seed treatment applications, owing to their broader bandwidth, better matching characteristics, and ability to form a directed radiation pattern with linear polarization. The paper concludes that further theoretical and experimental investigations are needed to develop high-frequency-stable MMW generators with output power levels of 2–3 W and to model the biotropic effects of electromagnetic fields based on the electrophysical properties of seeds. These findings contribute to the design of innovative, energy-efficient, and ecologically safe technologies aimed at increasing agricultural productivity through the application of modern physical principles in seed treatment processes.
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