MODERN METHODS AND WAYS OF PURIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER OIL

Abstract

The review article is devoted to the comparison of the most common methods of hydration of vegetable oils. Its purpose is a detailed analysis of modern methods and technologies for refining sunflower oil, identification of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as assessment of the prospects for the application of innovative solutions. This will allow to increase the efficiency of production processes, reduce losses of biologically active components and minimize environmental and economic risks. Hydration is the first stage of oil processing, the purpose of which is to remove phospholipids, the presence of which makes it impossible to carry out all other stages of refining qualitatively. The fractional composition of vegetable phospholipids of various oils is given. The disadvantages, advantages and efficiency of traditional hydration are compared. Modern purification technologies are considered, such as enzymatic methods, membrane technologies, as well as the use of ultrasonic and electrophysical effects. The intensification of mixing of the oil – hydration agent phases leads to a significant increase in the efficiency of hydration. The article considers the use of ultrasonic devices for this purpose. A promising direction in the development of food industry technologies today is the use of membranes. The features of this physical method of hydration are considered. Innovative purification methods, including membrane technologies, enzymatic methods, ultrasonic cleaning and combined approaches, open up new opportunities for improving the quality of sunflower oil. They allow not only to more effectively remove impurities, but also to preserve the organoleptic properties of the product, its transparency, aroma and taste characteristics. In addition, these technologies minimize the loss of useful components, which increases the nutritional value of the oil and makes it more attractive to consumers. Modern technologies also use centrifugation to separate solid particles and purify oil after alkaline refining, which helps to increase the efficiency of the process and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The effectiveness of innovative approaches in comparison with traditional methods is assessed. The relevance of modern purification methods is confirmed by numerous scientific studies that emphasize their importance for the food industry, environmental safety and economic efficiency. The most effective modern purification methods have been identified in accordance with the requirements for the quality of the final product, and recommendations have been developed for the combined use of traditional and modern technologies to achieve the optimal balance between quality, economic feasibility and environmental sustainability.