EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES AND MICROFERTILIZERS AGAINST DISEASES DURING THE SUNFLOWER VEGETATION PERIOD

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the complex use of microfertilizers and fungicides to determine their impact on the development of the main diseases of the growing season of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the southern part of the Western Forest–Steppe. During the studied years, ten diseases of fungal origin were observed on sunflower plants, but the most widespread and developed were septoria –development on variants without the use of pesticides in the grain filling phase (ВВСН 75) 31,3–33,7 %, fomosis – 8.1–8.9 %, rust 17,6–25 %, and in 2025 white rot of baskets 7,3–9,1 %. The climatic conditions of the growing season 2023–2025 differed both in the amount of precipitation during the growing season and in temperature characteristics, which significantly affected the development of sunflower diseases. The most favorable for the development of diseases was 2025 with excessively high rainfall. The effectiveness of the fungicide Fox – 0,8 l/ha for spraying in the asterisk phase (ВВСН 51) in the full flowering phase (ВВСН 65) against septoria was – 86,1–87,5 %%, phomosis 85,1–89,1 %, rust 87,2–90,6 %. In the seed filling phase (ВВСН 75) due to repeated infection with fungal spores, the effectiveness of the fungicide against septoria decreased to 64,2–66,3 %, phomosis 63,9–70,7 %, rust 63,2–65,4 %. The second application of the fungicide Propuls allowed to significantly control the development of all diseases. Thus, the effectiveness of the action against septoria was 88,5–90,2 %, phomosis 90,5–91,4 %, rust – 90,3–91,2 %, white rot of baskets – 76,2–80,2 %. Among the studied hybrids LG5478, NK Brio and Canyon, no significant difference in the damage by septoria and phomosis was found. The Canyon hybrid was less affected by rust – development of 17.6 %, while the hybrids LG5478 and NK Brio by 23,0 and 25,0 %, respectively. The combination of fungicide spraying with foliar feeding with the microfertilizer Sunflower Amino Chelate allowed to increase the effectiveness of fungicides in the seed filling phase (ВВСН 75) with a single application of fungicides by 7,9–15,2 %, and with two single applications by 3,1–5,6 %. Two–time foliar feeding with the microfertilizer Sunflower Amino Chelate by 13,6–18,4 %, and 4,2–7,2 %.