RESTORATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: ASSESSMENT OF LOSSES, RECONSTRUCTION NEEDS AND PRIORITIES OF THE “BUILD BACK BETTER” POLICY

Abstract

The agricultural sector of Ukraine traditionally plays a key role in the formation of the gross domestic product, export potential and food security of the state. The full-scale war unleashed by the Russian Federation in 2022 caused unprecedented economic, social, and infrastructure losses in the agricultural sector. A particular emphasis in the study is placed on the problem of landmining of agricultural land, the economic consequences of which are estimated to exceed USD 37 billion, as well as on the destruction of irrigation and drainage systems, the restoration of which requires nearly USD 9 billion. It has been established that in 2024–2025, according to updated RDNA4 estimates, the scale of losses increased significantly, thereby substantially intensifying risks to food security and the macroeconomic stability of the state. It is substantiated that the restoration of the agricultural sector requires a comprehensive approach that combines physical reconstruction of infrastructure, land demining, financial support for producers and the introduction of digital and climate-oriented technologies. The results obtained can be used in the formation of state agricultural policy, post-war reconstruction programs and international donor assistance. Based on the systematization of indicators and policy construction in the “Build Back Better” concept, a hierarchy of priorities for the reconstruction of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is substantiated. It is proposed to use a system of performance indicators (KPI) to monitor policy implementation and adjust support instruments. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the formation of an evidence base for state agrarian policy aimed at increasing the sustainability, innovation and European integration compatibility of the agricultural sector of Ukraine.