MODERN AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGIES IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Abstract

The paper provides a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the implementation of modern automation and digitalization tools in the livestock industry. The relevance of the study is driven by the necessity to increase the profitability of livestock production amidst global competition, a shortage of skilled labor, and rising demands for environmental sustainability and food quality. Automation is considered not merely as a means to replace manual labor but as a fundamental basis for implementing the concept of Precision Livestock Farming (PLF). The primary focus is placed on integrated farm management systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Big Data. The technological aspects of Robotic Milking Systems (VMS) are examined, which allow for minimizing the stress factor for animals, improving milk quality, and providing an individual approach to each animal. Automated feed distribution systems are investigated, ensuring precise ration dosing according to the physiological needs of the animals, which significantly reduces feed costs and increases conversion rates. A crucial component of modern technologies is health and behavior monitoring systems. The use of intelligent sensors (accelerometers, rumination sensors, thermal cameras) enables real-time tracking of health status, reproductive cycle phases, and early signs of disease. This facilitates a transition from group to individual herd management, which is key to preventive veterinary medicine. The automation of the microclimate in livestock buildings is analyzed separately. Modern intelligent ventilation, lighting, and manure removal systems operate autonomously, adapting to external weather conditions and internal environmental parameters, ensuring compliance with animal welfare requirements. The study determines that the implementation of automated technologies allows for a 15–25 % increase in animal productivity, a reduction in the consumption of fuel, lubricants, and electricity, and ensures full traceability of product origin. It is concluded that the strategic direction of the industry’s development is the creation of unified digital ecosystems that combine all technological processes – from crop production for feed to the sale of finished products – into a coherent automated complex with minimal human intervention.