PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE TIMING AND RATES OF BIOSTIMULANTS APPLICATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE

Abstract

In the structure of modern production of leguminous crops, soybean occupies a dominant position, acting as the main factor in the formation of the vegetable protein fund in Ukraine and the world. At the current stage of development of the agro-industrial complex, soybean is classified as a strategic crop with a high level of demand for providing humanity with proteins of vegetable origin and oil. The article highlights the results of research, which established the main aspects that affect the formation of the yield of soybean varieties depending on the use of anti-stress biostimulants. It is noted that higher plant productivity indicators were formed in soybean of the Mentor variety under the condition of double treatment with the biostimulant VUXAL BIO Askofol (WUXAL) and ALHUM PLUS / ALHUM PLUS (Smart Grow) during the research period 2023-2025. The highest indicators of the number of grains in the bean in the Mentor variety were noted in the variant of applying the biostimulant Vuksal BIO Askofol in the period of 2 internode (ВВСН 14) and budding (ВВСН 55) with a rate of 1,0 l/ha, which amounted to 2,7 pcs., surpassing the control variant – without the application of biostimulants by 0,9 pcs., and 0,1-0,5 pcs. other variants of the experiment. In the Sirelia variety, the number of grains in the bean from the application of biostimulants-antistressants was 2,2-2,4 pcs., which surpassed the control by 0,2-0,4 pcs., but overall was inferior to the Mentor variety. The biological yield of soybean varieties, depending on the use of biostimulants-antistressors Vuksal BIO Askofol and Algum Plus, significantly exceeded the control variant without use, in the Mentor variety it was within 4,24-4,68 t/ha, which is 0,41-0,85 t/ha compared to the control – 3,83 t/ha. In the Sirelia variety, the indicators were lower and were at the level of 3,43 t/ha in the control, from the use of Vuksal BIO Askofol – 3,72-4,50 t/ha, and Algum Plus – 3,58-4,02 t/ha, etc. The use of the biostimulant Vuksal BIO Askofol during the period of ВВСН 14 and ВВСН 55 in an amount of 1,0 l/ha on the Mentor variety provided the highest yield of 4,37 t/ha. Over the years of research, it was noted that the highest yield was obtained in 2025 – from the use of Vuksal BIO Askofol – 4,47-4,83 t/ha, Algum plus – 4,25-4,51 t/ha, on the control – 4,08 t/ha. In the Sirelia variety, the yield was lower than the Mentor variety. On average, in 2023-2025, the yield on the variant without the use of biostimulants was 3,27 t/ha, which is 0,38 t/ha less. The indicators by year were in 2025 – 3,71 t/ha, in 2024 – 3,21, in 2023 – 2,89 t/ha. The highest yield was also established from the double application of Vuksal BIO Askofol during the period of ВВСН 14 and ВВСН 55 in the amount of 1,0 l/ha with an indicator of 4,21 t/ha. Thus, the use of anti-stress biostimulants contributed to an increase in plant productivity and grain yield of the studied varieties Mentor and Sirelia.