THE APPROPRIATENESS OF GROWING WINTER CEREALS AND SPRING CULTURES IN THE MODERN HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN POLISSIA ZONE

Abstract

The purpose of the work was to assess the suitability of varieties of winter cereals and spring legumes, as well as to substantiate the feasibility of their cultivation on different types of soils of the Western Polissya zone. The results of experimental studies give reason to assert that, subject to the selection of the most adapted varieties, the yield of winter wheat grain on sod–podzolic light loam soils of the Western Polissya zone under favorable weather conditions can be about 5.5–6.0 t/ha. The highest yield over the 3–year research cycle (2022–2024) was provided by such winter wheat varieties as Bohemia of Seglen selection (Czech Republic) – 5.96 t/ha, Samurai of DSV selection (Germany) – 5.72 t/ha and Turandot (Oseva) Czech Republic – 5.54 t/ha. Studies on the selection of species and varietal composition of winter grain crops on drained peat soils showed that on average over a 3–year research cycle, the yield of winter rye, depending on the variety, was 2.30–3.96 t/ha, and winter triticale – 3.94–4.82 t/ha. The highest yield of winter rye was produced by the Esterno variety, while the highest yields of winter triticale were achieved by the Skarb Kharkivskyi and Rotondo varieties. The conducted experimental studies showed that sod–podzolic light loamy soils are most suitable for growing soybeans in the Western Polissya zone. For growing in the conditions of the Western Polissya zone, ultra–early soybean varieties should be selected, which ensure guaranteed production of physiologically ripe grain before the onset of the first autumn frosts. The prospects of growing soybeans of the Yunka variety of Sevita Genetiks (Canada) selection in the conditions of the Western Polissya soybean zone have been established, its yield with proper agricultural technology and high–quality inoculation can be about 4.0–4.5 t/ha. When grown on sod–podzolic sandy loam and peat soils, soybean yield is unstable and does not exceed 2.0–2.6 t/ha. It has been established that the yield of peas when grown on sod–podzolic light loam soils over a 3-year research cycle was 3.16–3.24 t/ha, and on sod–podzolic sandy loam and peat soils, respectively – 1.62–2.04 t/ha and 1.41–1.59 t/ha.