TEACHERS OF PEDAGOGICAL DISCIPLINES OF THE KAMIANETS-PODIL INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL EDUCATION: THEIR LIFES AND ACTIVITIES

Abstract

During the period of the information society’s establishment in the world, the question of the essence and functions of modern education, the search for innovative teaching methods, the improvement and modernization of traditional forms of the educational process became acute. This same question first became acute during the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution of 1917–1921, when Ukrainian national education began to take shape. Its founders rejected the teaching methods that were characteristic of imperial educational institutions, and creatively tried to use pedagogical theories and ideas created by European teachers. At first, the Soviet government did not deny the existence of Ukrainian schooling, but gave it a class character. “Borotbysts”, who in the 1920s held leading positions in the People’s Commissariat of Education of the Ukrainian SSR, tried to combine class and national factors in the process of building a communist education system. This was a period of creative experiments and the search for the most optimal teaching methods in the educational institutions of the republic. In this context, it is important to study and analyze the life path and activities of teachers of higher educational institutions who were engaged in pedagogical scientific research, which were then implemented in practice. It should be noted that Ukrainian pedagogical science at that time was just beginning to form, so pedagogical disciplines were often taught by people who had a historical, philosophical or psychological education. In addition, almost all of them were practitioners in the field of developing Ukrainian schooling, and their views were often a reflection of the socio-political situation. They often disseminated their pedagogical ideas in periodicals of that time. This article highlights the life path and activities of employees of higher educational institutions of Podillia who taught pedagogical disciplines, wrote scientific and popular science works. First of all, these were employees of the Kamianets- Podilskyi Institute of Public Education (INO) – the only higher education institution in Podillia after the closure of the Vinnytsia INO in 1924, which trained teachers. The chronological framework of the work covers the 1920s – the beginning of the 1930s. When writing the work, both published scientific and local history works were used, as well as documents of the State Archive of the Khmelnytskyi region, little-known to the general public, and materials from the periodical press of that time.