OPTIMIZATION OF THE VARIETAL COMPOSITION OF RYE

Abstract

Based on the development of the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine for 2024 and the Official Descriptions of Plant Varieties and Indicators of Economic Suitability, presented in the Bulletins "Protection of Rights to Plant Varieties", posted in the "Variety" Information and Reference System, the following was established. The highest seed yield of winter rye was characteristic of the following varieties: PR46B31 – 38.6 c/ha, Opava – 37.6 c/ha, Oksana – 35.9 c/ha and PR46B10 – 35.8 c/ha. The varieties with the highest fat content were: Elvis – 46.5%, Exagon – 46.4%, Nelson – 46.1 c/ha. The most protein was contained in the varieties Smart – 24.0%, Triangle – 22.6%, Opava – 22.3%, Opus – 22.1%. The lowest content of erucic acid was found in seeds of Opus varieties – 0.08%, PR46В10, PR46В31, Exagon, Opava Smart, Oksana – 0.1% each. The least glucosinolates were contained in the seeds of the Opus and Smart varieties – 0.6% each. The Oksana varieties had the highest winter hardiness – 8.3 points, Opava – 8.2 points. The varieties PR46В31, Nelson – 9.0 points each, Stilutza, Opus – 8.9 points were the most resistant to plant lodging. Opava varieties were the most resistant to drought – 8.7 points, PR46В31, Oksana – 8.6 points each. Opus – 7.8 points, PR46В10 – 7.7 points, Solo ,Stilutza – 7.6 points were the most resistant to seed shedding. Mathematical and statistical analysis of the quantitative indicators of winter rapeseed varieties established a strong negative correlation between seed yield and the content of erucic acid in it (r = – 0.800), between the content of erucic acid and glucosinolates (r = – 0.697), an average positive relationship between seed yield and drought resistance of varieties (r = 0.619). Among the varieties of spring rye, the highest seed yield was established in the Euro 12 variety – 20 t/ha, the most fat was contained in the seeds of the Mirage variety – 43.2%. Correlation-regression dependence revealed a strong negative correlation between the yield of spring ryegrass seeds and its protein content (r = – 0.656), a strong positive correlation between the content of fat and protein in seeds (r = – 0.762).