MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BIOAEROSOL IN PIG FATTENING PENS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2025-2.6Keywords:
microclimate in pig houses, bioaerosol, MAFAnM, fungi, air microbiotaAbstract
It is well known that for the comfort of animals in the premises, it is necessary that the microclimate parameters do not differ significantly from the atmospheric one. However, the high concentration of animals in a small area and the storage of waste (manure, urine) in the baths under the floor for a certain time create conditions that negatively affect the quality of the microclimate. In this regard, various modern systems are being introduced to optimally ensure the microclimate, through computerized regulation by supplying fresh air from the outside environment. This study aimed to conduct a microbiological assessment of bioaerosol in pig fattening pens to develop strategies for improving the microclimate conditions of the farm. It was established that the content of MAFAnM and fungi in the bioaerosol of pig fattening pens depended on the season and duration of fattening. In the winter months, the number of MAFAnM in the bioaerosol of pig farms during the entire period of pig fattening was 8,0 and 2,8 times higher than in the summer and autumn months. In particular, in winter, the number of MAFAnM and fungi in the bioaerosol after 2,5 months of fattening was 8,8 ± 0,3 × 105 and 1,3 ± 0,08 × 103 CFU/m3, respectively, and in summer 1,1 ± 0,09×105 and 8,1 ± 0,2 × 102 CFU/m3, respectively. A relatively low genus and species variation in the composition of the microflora of the bioaerosol of pig farms during the year was found. Since the main representatives of the bioaerosol microbiota during the year were unchanged and consisted of staphylococci, micrococci and streptococci, which accounted for 50–60% of all identified bacteria. Gram-negative forms of bacteria make up from 20 to 26% of the bioaerosol composition throughout the year. From the bioaerosol of pig fattening premises in the summer and winter periods, conditionally pathogenic species of staphylococci (S. aureus), pseudomonads (P. aeruginosa), which can be causative agents of various inflammatory processes, are released in small quantities. Therefore, to ensure a comfortable environment in a pig fattening facility, it is necessary to establish an appropriate ventilation system, which must be well designed and managed, since it significantly affects the concentration of bioaerosols in the pig house.
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