MECHANISM OF ACTION OF FORMATIONAL MINERALIZED WATER ON CULTIVATED PLANTS AND WEEDS

Abstract

Currently, in Ukraine, due to the economic and energy crisis, as well as increased requirements for the implementation of environmentally sound technologies, the problem of protecting crops from weeds by inexpensive and effective means has arisen. In this regard, the search for new methods of weed control is becoming especially relevant, while it is desirable that these methods are not technologically complex and, most importantly, that their application in farms does not require large financial costs. In view of this, we were set the goal of the work, which was aimed at studying the intracellular mechanism of the phytotoxic effect of mineralized water on winter wheat and corn plants and weeds. The conducted studies of the influence of mineralized water on the subcellular organization of the studied plant objects allowed us to establish a number of facts confirming their diverse effect on cultivated plants and weeds. The effect of mineralized spring water on the chloroplasts of weed cells leads to disorganization, destruction, and loss of order in the localization of membranes in these organelles. Moreover, in weed cells, the volume of these organelles does not increase (as in cultivated plants), but rather decreases. It was determined that after spraying weeds with mineralized water, the volume fraction of mitochondria decreases, and the volume fraction of mitochondria in winter wheat and corn cells increases under the influence of mineralized water. Therefore, the functions inherent in mitochondria (ATP biosynthesis) in weed cells are disrupted. Comparative analysis shows that when using mineralized water, the increase in the volume fraction of mitochondria in winter wheat plant cells occurs less intensively than in corn cells. In weeds, there are more volume fractions of chloroplasts and mitochondria, which determine their high ability to obtain and transform energy. Under the influence of mineralized water, their number per unit volume of cells decreases sharply, and this causes a decrease in the structural and functional indicators of cells and their viability in general. It was determined that in weeds, under the influence of mineralized aquifer water, such a reorganization of the organization of cellular components occurs, as a result of which the chaoticity increases and the orderliness decreases, occurring in the cells of the processes. It was also established that the growth-regulating effect of mineralized aquifer water is due to the content of phytohormones Abscisic acid (ABA) and Zeatin.