INFLUENCE OF SOWING METHOD ON THE FORMATION OF SOYBEAN SEED QUALITY

Abstract

Purpose. To study the influence of the sowing method with different row spacings (15, 30, 45 cm) on the formation of seed quality, in particular the content and yield per unit area of crude protein and fat, of different soybean varieties: Titan, Pallada, Kobuko, selected by the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of the Podillia NAAS on gray forest soils in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest- Steppe. Methods. System method, determination of crude protein content by the Kjeldahl method (DSTU 7169:2010), determination of fat in Soxhlet apparatuses by extraction method (DSTU 7577:2014), mathematical and statistical method. Results. During 2022–2024, the reaction of soybean varieties Titan, Pallada, and Kobuko to the sowing method with different row spacings: 15, 30, 45 cm was established. It was found that the row spacing affected the content and yield of crude protein and fat in soybean seeds. In the Titan and Kobuko varieties, the maximum content of crude protein (40,0 and 40,9%) and fat (20,8 and 20,4%) was observed when sowing in rows with a row spacing of 15 cm, while in the Pallada variety, the maximum content of crude protein (41,5%) and fat (20,1%) was observed when sowing in rows with a row spacing of 30 cm. A similar relationship was established with the yield of crude protein and fat per unit area. In the Titan and Kobuko soybean varieties, the highest yield of crude protein (1,34 and 1,25 t/ha) and fat (0,69 and 0,62 t/ha) was formed when sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, in the Pallada variety (respectively, 1,30 and 0,63 t/ha) – when sowing with a row spacing of 30 cm. Conclusions. Thus, the content and yield of crude protein in soybean seeds of the Titan, Pallada and Kobuko varieties significantly depend on the sowing method or row spacing. Based on the correlation analysis, medium-strength inverse relationships were established between the content of crude protein (r = −0,555), fat (r = −0,601) and the sowing method; between the collection of crude protein (r = −0,721), fat (r = −0,700) and the sowing method, strong inverse relationships were established. It should be noted that strong positive relationships were established between the content of crude protein and fat in soybean seeds (r = 0,917 in the Titan variety; r = 0,842 in the Pallada variety; r = 0,996 in the Kobuko variety). Such correlation coefficient indicators confirm that sowing of the Titan and Kobuko soybean varieties with row spacings of 15 creates optimal conditions for the formation of maximum indicators of both crude protein and fat content, and in the Pallada variety such conditions were created when sowing with a row spacing of 30 cm.