PARATYPICAL FACTORS OF MASTITIS IN COWS ON FARMING OPERATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2026-1-39Keywords:
mastitis in cows, Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic resistance, etiological structure, paratype factorsAbstract
The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the etiology and risk factors for mastitis in cattle in modern dairy farming. Mastitis is considered a multifactorial disease that causes significant economic losses due to reduced milk productivity, premature culling of animals, and deterioration of the technological properties of raw materials. The aim of the study was to determine the etiological structure of mastitis in cows during subclinical and clinical course, to assess paratypic factors of influence, and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of dominant pathogens. Bacteriological monitoring showed that staphylococci play a leading role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 50.0 % of the samples studied, and coagulase-negative staphylococci accounted for 46.7 %. It has been proven that microorganisms of the genus Streptococcus spp. are mostly associated with acute clinical course, while Escherichia coli is a stable component of the microbial landscape regardless of the form of inflammation, indicating constant pressure from environmental factors. Special attention was paid to the analysis of S. aureus resistance. High sensitivity of isolates to fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ofloxacin – 86.7 %), aminoglycosides (kanamycin – 86.7 %, amikacin – 73.3 %) and ampicillin (80.0 %) was revealed. At the same time, a decrease in the effectiveness of vancomycin, gentamicin, and doxycycline (sensitivity only 33.3–40.0 %) was noted. The conclusions confirm that a successful strategy for combating mastitis requires not only targeted antibiotic therapy, but also correction of housing conditions, taking into account seasonality and the physiological state of animals.
References
Mylostyvyi R. V., Izhboldina O. O., Kalinichenko O. O., Orishchuk O. S., Pishchan I. S., Khramkova O. M., Kapshuk N. O., Skliarov P. M., Sedzhian V., Hofmann H. Seasonal influence on milk productivity and mastitis cases in Ukrainian Brown Swiss cows. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine. 2021. № 9(2). С. 66–73. DOI: 10.32819/2021.92011
Нестерук В. С., Нагорна Л. В. Характеристика основних етіологічних факторів виникнення маститу у корів в умовах «Полтавазернопродукту». Науково-технічний бюлетень ДНДКІ ветеринарних лікарських засобів та кормових добавок та Інституту біології тварин. 2023. № 24(1). С. 98–104. DOI: 10.36359/scivp.2023-24-1.14
Шевченко М. В., Андрійчук А. В. Антибіотикорезистентність ізолятів Staphylococcus spp. та Streptococcus spp., що спричиняють мастит на молочних фермах України. Науковий вісник ветеринарної медицини. 2023. № 1. С. 81–88. Doi: 10.33245/2310-4902-2023-180-1-81-88
Abebe R., Hatiya H., Abera M., Megersa B., Asmare K. Bovine mastitis: prevalence, risk factors and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds at Hawassa milk shed, South Ethiopia. BMC Veterinary Research. 2016. Vol. 12. Art. 270. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0905-3
Cheng W. N., Han S. G. Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments – a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2020. Vol. 33, № 11. P. 1699–1713. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0156
Drackley J. K. Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: The final frontier? Journal of Dairy Science. 1999. Vol. 82. P. 2259–2273. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75474-3
De Visscher A., Piepers S., Haesebrouck F., De Vliegher S. Intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci at parturition. Journal of Dairy Science. 2016. Vol. 99. P. 6457–6469. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10458
Haheen M., Tantary H., Nabi S. A treatise on bovine mastitis: disease and disease economics. Advances in Dairy Research. 2016. Vol. 4, № 1. Art. 1000150. DOI: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000150
Klaas I. C., Zadoks R. N. An update on environmental mastitis: Challenging perceptions. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2018. Vol. 65. P. 166–185. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12704
Kitila G., Kebede B., Wakgari M. Prevalence, aetiology and risk factors of mastitis of dairy cows. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2021. Vol. 7, № 5. P. 1593–1599. DOI: 10.1002/vms3.503
Król J., Brodziak A., Litwińczuk Z., Litwińczuk A. Effect of age and stage of lactation on whey protein content in milk. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2013. Vol. 16. P. 395–397. DOI: 10.2478/pjvs-2013-0055
Lakew B. T., Fayera T., Ali Y. M. Risk factors for bovine mastitis. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2019. Vol. 51. P. 1507–1513. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01838-w
Sweeney M. T., Gunnet L., Kumar D. M., Lunt B. L., Moulin V., Barrett M., Gurjar A., Doré E., Pedraza J. R., Bade D., Machin C. Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens isolated from North American dairy cattle, 2011–2022. Veterinary Microbiology. 2024. Art. 110015. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110015
Moosavi M., Mirzaei A., Ghavami M., Tamadon A. Relationship between season, lactation number and incidence of clinical mastitis. Veterinary Research Forum. 2014. Vol. 5, № 1. P. 13–19.
Vršková M. et al. Occurrence of mastitis pathogens at dry off period and after calving in dairy cows. Stočarstvo. 2023. Vol. 77, № 1–2. P. 51–55.
Rajala-Schultz P. J., Gröhn Y. T., McCulloch C. E., Guard C. L. Effects of clinical mastitis on milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science. 1999. Vol. 82, № 6. P. 1213–1220. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75344-0
Suprovych T., Stroianovska L., Vishchur O., Havryliak V., Vasylyuk S., Masyuk M., Solovodzinska I., Lubenets I. Influence of liposomal thiosulfonate drug on the blood parameters of cows suffering catarrhal mastitis. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems. 2023. Vol. 14, № 2. P. 195–202. DOI: 10.15421/022329
Schreiner D., Ruegg P. Effects of tail docking on milk quality and cow cleanliness. Journal of Dairy Science. 2002. Vol. 85. P. 2503–2511. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74333-6
Smith K. L., Hogan J. S. Environmental mastitis. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 1993. Vol. 9. P. 489–498. DOI: 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30616-2
Sharma N., Singh N. K., Singh O. P., Pandey V., Verma P. K. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status during transition period. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2011. Vol. 24. P. 479–484. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.10220
Washburn S. P., White S. L., Green J. T., Benson G. A. Reproduction, mastitis, and body condition. Journal of Dairy Science. 2002. Vol. 85. P. 105–111. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74058-7
Weigel K. A., Shook G. E. Genetic selection for mastitis resistance. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2018. Vol. 34. P. 457–472. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.07.001
Zeinhom M. M. A., Aziz R. L. A., Mohammed A. N., Bernabucci U. Impact of seasonal conditions on quality and pathogens content of milk. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2016. Vol. 29. P. 1207–1213. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0143
Zhou Q., Geng Z., Lian S., Wang J., Wu R. Analysis of lactation performance and mastitis incidence in high- and lowyielding dairy cows using DHI data. Animals. 2025. Vol. 15, № 17. Art. 2495. DOI: 10.3390/ani15172495
